Concrete and paving glossary - T
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Tamper
An implement used to consolidate concrete or mortar in molds or forms.
A hand-operated device for compacting flooring topping or other unformed
concrete by impact from the dropped device in preparation for strike
off and finishing. Contact surface often consists of a screen or a grid
of bars to force coarse aggregates below the surface that prevents interference
with floating or troweling. It is also know as a jitterbug. See troweling.
Temper
The addition of water to the cement mix whether at the batch plant,
during transit, or at the jobsite to achieve the specified water to
cement ratio. See cement
mixture.
Temperature rise
The increase of temperature caused by absorption of heat or internal
generation of heat, as by hydration of cement in concrete. See hydration
and heat of hydration.
Temperature rise period
The time interval during which the temperature of a concrete product
rises at a controlled rate to the desired maximum in autoclave or atmospheric-pressure
steam curing.
Tendon
A steel element such as a wire, cable, bar, rod, or strand used to
impart pre-stress to concrete when the element is tensioned. See rebar.
Tensile strength
Maximum unit stress which a material is capable of resisting under
axial tensile loading, based on the cross sectional area of the specimen
before loading.
Thickness
The gauge or depth of a material.
Tilt-up construction
A method of constructing concrete walls in which the wall panels are
cast and cured flat on the floor slab or surrounding area and then tilted
up into their final wall positions.
Tilt-up forms
Forms used in tilt-up construction. Forms that are placed on the ground
and a flat horizontal slab is poured. When the slab is dry it is picked
up with heavy equipment and lifted into place as a vertical wall. See
tilt-up construction.
Tilt-up reversible forms
Specially engineered forms with two-sided formed metal channels used
to pour horizontal concrete slabs that will later be tilted up to vertical
and fastened in place and used as walls. Each side of the tilt-up form
will have a different height so that two different wall thickness depths
can be poured using the same set of forms.
Tilt-up wall
Cast concrete units which are preformed which, when cured, are tilted
to their vertical position and secured by mechanical fasteners to prior
erected structural steel. Tilt-up wall units may be pre-cast. See pre-cast
concrete.
Top spreader
(1) A "U" shaped clip that fastens the curbface form to the back form
in a curb and gutter application to hold the face form firmly in position
during concrete placement.
(2) Concrete forming accessories used to secure a curbface form to
the back form of the curb and gutter system, or to secure two forms
running in parallel to form a stand-alone curb or knee wall. See curb
face form, curb
and gutter forms, and placement.
Transit-mixed concrete
Concrete mixed in a drum on the back of a truck as it is transported
to the construction site. Also know as ready-mixed
or pre-mixed concrete.
Transition forms
(1) Metal or wood sections used to change from straight to flexible
forming, or vice versa. They are typically used in all flatwork and
curb and gutter applications.
(2) A concrete forming accessory used to connect flexible and straight
forms. Small lock clamps are used to connect the flexible form to the
transition form. See flatwork
forms, flexible
forms, straight
forms.
Tremie
A tube with removable sections and a funnel at the top used in concrete
application. The bottom is kept beneath the surface of the concrete
and raised as the form is filled and is used to pour concrete underwater.
See hydraulic cement.
Trowel
A thin, flat steel tool, either pointed or rectangular, provided with
a handle and held in the hand, used to manipulate concrete, mastic,
or mortar create a dense, smooth finish on a concrete surface. It is
also a machine whose rotating blades are used to finish concrete slabs.
See screed, float,
bull float, and darby.
Trowel finish
The smooth finish surface produced by troweling. See trowel
and troweling.
Troweling
Smoothing and compacting the unformed surface of fresh concrete by
strokes of a trowel. See trowel and trowel
finish.
Truck mixer
A concrete mixer capable of mixing concrete in transit when mounted
on a truck chassis. See agitator
truck.
Truckload or Trailerload
A quantity of commodities weighing as much as 44,000 pounds, that is
the standard weight limit on U.S. highways.
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